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"The Mystery of St. " Atlantic, September 2, 2014. This, in turn, inspired Swiss Astronomer Leonhard Euler's Episcope in the mid-18th century. And when the last of the fifty thousand marchers had paraded by, including some veterans of the Civil War, "searchlights from the tops of the buildings played their rays upon the arch.
"Cost of Gas and Electricity in New York, " Scientific American 52, no. "The Smoke of Great Cities: British and American Efforts to Control Air Pollution. " The innovation spread to "nearly every town in Britain with a population over 10, 000 by 1826. By applying electricity to a liquid crystal, the polarization of the crystal is altered to adjust how much light passes through to the other side.
Hammond, John Winthrop. Instead, city councils, business elites, local utilities, and the major electrical corporations had considerable freedom to experiment with and develop new forms of illumination. For the first five minutes there would be occasional spots of light when cities burned down, volcanoes erupted, or forests caught on fire, with long periods of darkness. Many amusements took place mostly at night, such as workers drinking in a tavern, farmers holding a dance, or high society attending a ball. Lighting was rapidly becoming a form of entertainment. 86 These mantles gave six times more light without burning any more gas, and their operating cost was only one-third that of an arc light. Become more intense, as the moon. "Tower System for Electric Arc Lighting, " American Architect and Building News, 227. The statue was becoming obscure at the very moment that she was replacing Uncle Sam as the most popular national symbol.
Stevenson, "A Plea for Gas Lamps, " 251–252. One must distinguish between the date of an invention and its widespread use. Daily Courant (London), December 28, 1702, issue 217; November 19, 1703, issue 497. A 1908 photograph shows the Singer Building as a pillar of light soaring above Manhattan (see figure 6.
Its city council declared, "We would not abandon our present system on any consideration. He also prepared for customers "a vivid picture, in colors, exactly reproducing a specific street" as it would look at night with a new lighting installation. 203. joyful festivities. " LASER AND LED LUMINARIES. Because it was bombarded by negatively charged particles, it gradually acquired "a hollow center" called the "crater of the arc" that directed the light downward to where it was most wanted. Intense illumination as in old movie projectors crossword clue. The "flower beds took on fantastic hues, " and the scene continually altered as "the lights change and change in bewildering variety. The light shows much better on a dark night than at any other time. " As fireworks spread throughout Europe, an unplanned process of democratization ensued. CELLULOID AND MECHANICAL PHOTOGRAPHY. Milder, Reimagining Thoreau, 109. Several factors explain their tower system was labor intensive, though less so than gas lighting. 12 In 1888, Thompson-Houston purchased a majority of the Jenney stock, which became part of General Electric interests in 1892. The organization implied that cultural differences were minor, and streets, shops, homes, and theaters everywhere were much the same.
"Towards a National Landscape. " Exposition Internationale d'Électricité in Paris. In theory, these extra light sources might have increased the perception of a harmonious night cityscape, especially if the buildings were similar in architectural style, size, and scale. "The Illumination of the Panama-Pacific Exposition. " Burnham and Bennett, Plan of Chicago. Each business sought as much attention as possible, culminating in the frenetic displays of Times commercialization of night space prevailed in the United States more than in Europe. Most cities were slow to adopt incandescent street lights, and retained arc lights and gas systems well into the twentieth century (see figure 2. Intense illumination as in old movie projector lamp. Westinghouse developed Tesla's AC system in the later 1880s and proved its worth at Chicago's Columbian Exposition. If you have ever made a pinhole camera, you have made a Camera Obscura.