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CASE-SHOT: Also known as spherical case-shot. This and cleaning the stables took till 8 o'clock. PREPONDERANCE OF PIECE: The difference in weight between the tube in front of the trunnions and the tube in the rear of the trunnions. Germany deployed batteries of long-range 170mm guns against the Anzio beachhead that could shoot from beyond the range of Allied counter-battery fire. From this it is reflected against the bottom, and again reflected against the top of the bore, and so on until it leaves the piece. Most were 6-pounder and 12-pounder smooth bore guns or howitzers – bronze guns drawn by mobile six horse teams, and capable of effective counter-battery and anti-personnel fire at ranges up to about 1, 000 yards. In some cases advantage is taken of a scarp-wall, on a land-front, which is well covered by a glacis or other face-cover, to form in its rear quarters of this character. TUBE: The correct nomenclature for a cannon barrel. Horse Artillery – Action Front. It also refers to the company charged with a certain number of pieces of ordnance. EXPANSION CUP: A metal cup, ring, or soft metal sabot attached to the base of the projectile.
He noted that all of these dead horses had to be freed. If we estimate cast-iron at 12 cents per pound, we have a cost of $16, 128 for a pure cast-iron gun of 60 tons; and admitting 14 cents per pound for wrought-iron and steel, we have a cost for a 43-ton gun of $13, 484. What artillery is used today. CAP OF A CANNON: See Apron. Steel was categorized as hard, medium, or soft according to the carbon content, and it could be alloyed with other metals to produce variation in hardness, strength, elasticity, and malleability. They are armed with artillery of the largest caliber to oppose the landing of an enemy. The Civil War Artillery Compendium is a website containing a variety of information and links to artillery references.
Total capacity cubic". These figures illustrate the vast difference in the eyes of European gun constructors between the use of pure steel and the combination of steel and wrought-iron, and more especially in any construction in which cast-iron plays a prominent part. Time also began constructing gun/limber designs which allowed gunners to ride. Several pieces of artillery used for action research. They are sometimes found lying in a position at right angles to their course, and sometimes with the base to the front; hence their penetration is variable. The stem was contained in a hollow screw of steel which was worked up and down by means of an iron nut with two handles. The reason why pebble-powder is now used with all large guns instead of ordinary powder is explained as follows: That the pressure on the gun is much less, and the velocity greater, with the former than the latter. Words in italics indicate a cross-reference.
Germany developed a family of high frequency vehicle radios for military use, but their radios were not nearly as effective as the American versions. SHRINK HEAD: See Gun Head. PINTLE: An iron pin, with a nut or key at the top, used to anchor the front of the barbette carriage to the pintle plate. Several pieces of artillery used for action fighting. Howitzers were lighter and fired shells with lower powder charges at higher elevations, but lower ranges than guns of the same caliber. The M10, the first purpose-built tank destroyer, mounted a 3-inch naval gun (which was available because the Navy had phased it out) on a Sherman chassis. It was designed to counter the mass infantry attacks that were typical of the tactics of the late nineteenth century by placing large numbers of time-fused shells over bodies of enemy troops. The most prominent guns produced under this new system, which first attracted universal attention on account of their great comparative power, were the 25-, 35-, and 38-ton guns; but these, as is well known, were quickly superseded by the 16-inch 80-ton gun, and it, in its turn, by the largest of, as yet constructed ordnance the 100-ton guns of the Armstrong model, shown in section in the drawing.
BLAKELY GUN: The most approved pattern of the Blakely gun combines in its construction the principles of "initial tension" and "varying elasticity, " the object of which is to bring the strength of all the metal of the piece into simultaneous play, to resist explosion. When fired at works or buildings, the fuze was set to explode after penetration. SHORT SWORD: See Foot Artillery Sword. The advantage of barbette firing was a much wider range of fire unrestricted by the small embrasure. John Tidball, the Company's commander during most of the war. If flame is applied to loose uncompressed gun-cotton it will flash off; if it is spun into threads or woven into webs, its rate of combustion may be so much reduced that it can be used in gunnery or for a quick fuze; powerfully compressed and damp, it burns slowly; dry gun-cotton may be exploded by a fulminate-fuze; wet, it requires an initial explosion of a small amount of dry, etc. At the lower end of the sight was a lead-filled bulb which allowed the scale to remain in a vertical position regardless of the rough ground or the trunnions. Horse Artillery – Action Front! Resulted in lighter, more manageable cannon and better quality barrels and. Yet, the relatively brittle cast iron still caused several tubes to burst at the breech upon firing. The relative lack of mobility of Germany's artillery was caused by the limitations of the German economy, desultory planning, and the initiation of hostilities long before the planned expansion of the Wehrmacht was complete.
QUILTED GRAPE: Constructed similar to a stand of grape, but had a wooden or metal bottom plate with a covering of canvas. The battering-shell have but one hole in rear which serves as a loading-hole; the hole in rear is closed by a screw-plug. In turning the shot it is made to revolve upon that diameter which coincides with the axis of the lathe, while the movement of the tool-rest, as above described, brings the tool in contact with all of the surface which is not covered by the supports. If flying shot hit a. horse, it was not just a matter of the horse falling over; the ball might. COLUMBIAD: A large diameter smoothbore cannon invented by Colonel Bomford and first used in the War of 1812. Circumstances of explosion may be generally considered under 1st. When a projectile strikes against a surface of oak, as the side of a ship, it will not stick if the angle of incidence be less than 15 degrees, and if it does not penetrate to a depth nearly equal to its diameter. Its purpose was to serve as a hard surface for the nipple to strike, thereby causing the spark necessary to detonate the powder in the chamber of the projectile. An iron bottom was attached with cement to the bottom of the sack to keep the projectile from bursting. He takes a fuze, cleans it of all foreign matter, inserting the drift to the bottom of the bore.
The former should be bored through the axis with a. POWDER: See Gunpowder. Late wars have shown that it is not alone desirable but necessary to cover the guns and horses of a battery from the enemys fire, either by the accidents of the ground or by improvised cover; for nothing else can insure the battery against destruction by the enemys infantry and artillery. Granting certainty of ignition of the time element, only one kind of fuze would be required for all kinds of service. TOW-WAD: Rope fibers which were placed in the fuze plug opening of the projectile prior to shipping. 2) Bullet fired from small arms weapons. A nail or small rod could be driven through the vent hole; a shot could be wedged in the bottom of the bore with the use of iron wedges driven in with the rammer; shells could be caused to burst in the bore, or broken shot fired from the tube with a high charge; two weapons could be fired at each other, muzzle to muzzle; the trunnions could be broken off, or bursted by firing heavy charges full of shot at great elevations. This was not the case with German artillery. There is also a convenient one made by Fairbairn, Kennedy & Naylor, modified at Elswick, taking a chuck job 20 feet in diameter, 4 feet 6 inches long, or a job 34 feet long and 8 feet in diameter. At the start of the Civil War, the artillery of the United States Army consisted of sixty batteries of light artillery but only 163 serviceable field pieces. Ideally, a captain would have had four lieutenants to carry out his commands, unfortunately, Battery A seldom, if ever, had the luxury of a full compliment of officers during the Civil War. The finishing-shop may be taken next in order.
Three full strength Panzer divisions arrived from Belgium and Poland and assembled near Caen. The tool-rest of this lathe is attached to a geared wheel, which is pivoted in a horizontal position upon an iron frame secured to the lathe-bed. Between the two middle pieces this distance is increased by the thickness of the traverse, generally about 15 feet. The tar bucket held the tar. During the battle of Waterloo, British. The ears for the shell-hooks are then drilled in a drilling-machine and the shot is ready for inspection. The mold is formed of a metal chill at the bottom extending up past the junction of head and body; the remainder of the mold is formed of sand, as also is the case for the formation of the interior. LOADING TONG: Used for inserting the powder cartridge and projectile into mortars and other large weapons. The fuze should be varnished. Radio was a possible solution, but early AM radios were fickle and often unreliable.
A steel chisel, with a brass or wooden handle designed for cutting into the powder train in a Bormann time fuze. The lead is also allowed to percolate among the segments, so as to fill up the interstices, the central cavity being kept open by the insertion of a steel core. In each counter-battery there should be at least as many guns as the defenses can bring to bear upon it; always enough to completely control the fire of the point counter-battered. It generally commences at the junction of the chamber with the bore, as this portion is less supported than the others. It is made somewhat thicker than necessary to resist the pressure of the powder, in order to serve as a proper point of support for the trunnions, and to compensate for certain defects of metal liable to occur in the vicinity of the trunnions of all cast cannon, arising from the crystalline arrangement and unequal cooling of the different parts. The same mixture of charcoal, sulphur, and saltpeter gives a very different effect if made up into large grains than if made up into small ones. It was usually composed of gabions filled with earth, or sand bags.
These parts are marked, and are, the guides in cutting the fuze; the latter operation being performed with the fuze-knife, which is a very sharp and thin-bladed knife (preferably a shoe-knife), or a fine saw. Fire, this was not the case during the Napoleonic era. The causes of irregularity in firing, although greater in the horizontal than in the vertical direction, are considerable in the latter. BOMBARDIER: An artilleryman versed in that department of arms which relates especially to bombs and shells, mortars and howitzers, grenades and fuzes.
The approach from the beginning was to build a better system and it worked. Ricochet - batteries which fired projectiles at low angles.
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