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Arthritis & RheumatismResponsiveness of six outcome assessment instruments in total shoulder arthroplasty. For each subscale patients are asked to answer each question with a single response that most clearly describes their condition within the past week. Construct validity was assessed by correlating the scales with other core measures of disease activity in RA. Hutt D. M. - Wukich D. K. Validity of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) in Diabetes Mellitus.. Instrument Reviewers. Background: There is no universally accepted instrument that can be used to evaluate changes in self-reported physical function for individuals with leg, ankle, and foot musculoskeletal disorders. The objective of this study was to develop an instrument to meet this need: the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). Medicine, PsychologyPhysical therapy. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North AmericaNonsurgical management of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a literature review and a case series of three patients managed with physical therapy. Your library or institution may also provide you access to related full text documents in ProQuest. Psychology, MedicineClinical Rheumatology. For construct validity, our findings were comparable to those in the original version.
3 and 9 points, respectively. Reliability and validity of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index in Italian patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Application of Computerized Adaptive Testing to the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure. Evidence of content validity, construct validity, reliability and responsiveness has been provided for the FAAM to be used in a population with general orthopedic conditions, including pain, sprain and strain, fractures, plantar fasciitis, bunion and Achilles rupture. It must be noted that although the generally accepted Cronbach's alpha level of 0. Our objective was to compare the scaling properties of the HAQDI and HAQ-II in Dutch patients with RA.
The results of the present study must be generalized cautiously, because the population represented a sample with young age, with a prevalence of males and with a dominant diagnosis of lateral ankle sprain. In conjunction with the FAAM to be able to measure quality of life in people with foot and ankle disorders. For the ADL subscale, the FAAM was not able to distinguish between individuals who rated their function as normal or nearly normal (72. Scandinavian Journal of PainReliability and responsiveness of the Norwegian version of the Neck Disability Index. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of Spanish version of The Foot and Ankle Ability Measures (FAAM-Sp).
Arthritis care & researchAdult measures of general health and health-related quality of life: Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Item (SF-36) and Short Form 12-Item (SF-12) Health Surveys, Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 6D (SF-6D), Health Utilities Inde... RheumatologyDevelopment and preliminary validation of a systemic lupus erythematosus-specific quality-of-life instrument (SLEQOL. SD) were significantly greater in individuals (n. 48) who rated their functional status as normal or nearly normal (46. The inability of ADL subscale to discriminate between groups may be related to the high level of functioning in the young study participants with an average age of 28. Computation of mean difference with 95% CI showed that the SPORTS scores (mean. Rasch Analysis of Reliability and Validity of Scores From the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). Quality of Life: Assessment, Analysis and Interpretation., according to Eachaute et al.
Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related SurgeryA Practical Guide to Research: Design, Execution, and Publication. A review of literature. The significant difference of SPORTS scores between the two groups in the present study implies that subjects with foot and ankle disorders have more difficulties in sports activities rather than ADL. Recently, the HAQ-II was developed in the US as a short, valid, and reliable alternative using Rasch analysis. Evaluation of the Validity of the AOFAS Clinical Rating Systems by Correlation to the SF-36.
The graded response model can be used to describe test-taking behavior when item responses are classified into ordered categories. Therefore, a higher score reflects a higher level of physical function. If the number of missing values were one or two for a subscale, they were substituted with the mean value. Medicine, PsychologyJournal of Foot and Ankle Research. The Journal of ArthroplastyResponsiveness of Patient Reported Outcome Measures in Total Joint Arthroplasty Patients. ADL and SPORTS subscales had mean (SD) score of 68.
The FAAM received the highest ratings for its clinimetric qualities including content validity, reliability, construct validity, responsiveness, and interpretability. European Journal of Pain SupplementsS220 TEST–RETEST RELIABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS OF THE NORWEGIAN VERSION OF THE NECK DISABILITY INDEX. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle SocietyPsychometric Comparison of the PROMIS Physical Function CAT With the FAAM and FFI for Measuring Patient-Reported Outcomes. 90) for ADL and SPORTS subscales raises the possibility that there may be some redundancy among items within the FAAM subscales. EducationSports medicine.
The Foot Function Index: a measure of foot pain and disability. Table III Correlation matrix showing the relationship of each item to its hypothesized subscale corrected for overlap (item internal consistency) and to the other subscale (item discriminant validity) (N = 93). Statistical Methods For Assessing Measurement Error (Reliability) in Variables Relevant to Sports Medicine. Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North AmericaClinical applications of outcome tools in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy.
The authors suggest that the FAAM be used as a self-reported evaluative instrument to provide a comprehensive assessment of the physical function of patients who have musculoskeletal disorders of the foot, ankle, or leg. Another limitation of this study may be the short length of time (i. e., 2–6 days) between two measurements for test–retest reliability which increases the memory effects of first administration of instrument on the performance of subsequent administration. View related documents. 99) with a s. 53, resulting in MDC of 9. The study aimed to create a measure with items that would evaluate overall physical performance of patients with a wide variety of foot, ankle, and leg disorders.
Psychology, MedicineThe Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy. Copyright information. IN any consideration of the nature of the metric provided by the raw score on a mental test, one is likely to be faced with the fact that the raw score units of measurement cannot ordinarily be…. Measuring change over time: assessing the usefulness of evaluative instruments. FADI is the former version of FAAM. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36): Translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral ResearchUse of the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) for Evaluating Treatment Outcomes With TMJMD Patients: A Preliminary Study1. Test-retest reliability was assessed over a 1-week interval. Although the FAAM SPORTS subscale was able to distinguish between individuals with different levels of functional status, the clinician must remember that the FAAM has been primarily developed for evaluative, but not discriminative, purposes. Questions for which "N/A" is indicated are not counted. 02), similar to the correlations obtained in the present study. Answers for both scales are based on a Likert scale (4-0) of: 4) "no difficulty". The clinimetric qualities of patient-assessed instruments for measuring chronic ankle instability: a systematic review., very high level of Cronbach's alpha (above 0. Despite its primarily evaluative function, FAAM as a self-report, region-specific instrument has also shown ability to distinguish individuals with different levels of functional performance.
4. and individuals with diabetes mellitus. The appropriate selection of instruments for outcome measurement depends on many factors including the type and psychometric properties of instrument and the characteristics of subjects among whom the instrument is intended to be used. Journal of Rehabilitation MedicineSystematic review of outcome measures of walking training using electromechanical and robotic devices in patients with stroke. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.
We cannot be held responsible for bad or inadequate advice. NEMA 3R Aluminum Enclosure. Whether you use propane or natural gas, use these tips to play it safe …. It has to be put in. The more severe the elbow or turn (90 degrees versus 45 degrees), the greater the pressure loss due to the inherent resistance coefficient. The above instructions may be modified for different gas line gauges, such as a 1" gas line that splits into 3/4" lines. Oil Capacity w/ Filter. 3/4 inch natural gas hose for generator blog. I about 20' of flexible 1" hose that will hook in to natural gas service for powering a 22kw stand by generator when needed and using a quick disconnect: (Regency 1" Quick Disconnect Fitting for Regency Gas Hoses). 10, 000 Watt Automatic Propane/Natural Gas Generator with 100 Amp Automatic Transfer Switch - Starts automatically when your power fails and transfers your electrical loads to generator power. There is no way you should be so close with size, that a bend in the flex line would affect the way the unit runs. Resolve Your Appliance Problems. Keep in mind that, on most charts like this, the gas flow numbers are shown in thousands of BTUs, not single BTUs. One of your problems is you are listening to an electrician who has absolutely no idea what he is talking about. If the blind lead the blind, will they not both fall in the ditch?
Easy/ltiple lessons learned... 1- dont listen to anyone about what my job is.... 2- pay more attention to generators and the excessive time i have a house with a generator i will instantly go to a 2lb system and be done. How Many Appliances Can a 3/4 Gas Line Supply. BTUs (British Thermal Units) are a measurement of thermal energy. When installing a gaseous generator at a new site, the generator is typically connected to local utility natural gas lines. Pipe Diameter Size is Not Correct. It's vital that engineers and contractors understand the draws of the equipment being operated and the total amount of load on the system. Local fuel/gas codes dictate the maximum pressure under which natural gas can be delivered to a site or structure.
Please follow external links with caution. If you are at all close when you look at the charts, you go to the next pipe size up. 3/4 inch natural gas hose for generator today. What often occurs is that the step-down regulator is placed too close to the unit mount regulator. Your gas main (aka the meter) may be under the house, in a cabinet, on the exterior of the house, or underground. 1'-3/4" NPT Fitting. What's the total length of gas line from the gas main to the last appliance on the line? In general, a longer pipe supports fewer BTUs.
Appliance Gas Line Warning Signs. I don't read that you have to loop 10' of piping at the unit. NOTHING he told you makes sense, but from here, I cannot tell you what the REAL problem is, expecially if you are coming directly from the meter to the generator for that short distance. Generac says to run a 10' loop of piping after the regulator (that they dont supply)..... i just finished one for the same was a 2'lb after the regulator i looped 8' of 3/4 piping in a circle around the unit(the instructions on this model said 6' was enough, but didnt give a pipe size). One of these experts may tell you that you need more gas lines, while the other may tell you your current gas lines will suffice. 3/4" gastite over 20' is way undersized for 300kbtu. Trying to get a generac rep out there to tell me exactly what is needed.... anyone have any experience or advice? Follow these steps to find out how many appliances your 3/4" gas line will support. I had to adjust my piping to make his flex hose near straight for them to make him happy... i made errors and it will cost me $400 in labor and parts to fix, but besides that what a POS of a i can homeowner has to look at 10' of 1 1/4 looping across his siding behind his says it specifically... 10' looped after the regulator.. Load Amperage at 240 volts. Exhaust Location & Direction (Facing service side). Having issues with a generator i piped done 10-15 before and never a problem.. typically they are 5-10' from the meter... i either go under ground or strap to side of the house... 3/4 is what i run..... now i have a new good with its weekly test on/off for a few is giving an error.... 3/4 inch natural gas hose for generator.com. house is sized to 1 1/2" pipe before the meter T since the house is 700, 000 btu and at 70' 1 1/2 gives me 750, my main is sized correctly... i ran 3/4 gastite approx 20' to the generator. All of these things ive never done before, never had an issue.
5-7" Propane: 11-14". The electrician makes it sound like 50% of their generators have gas problems...... my biggest does a unit that needs me to pipe 1 1/4 to it have a 1/2" inlet and come with a 1/2" flex can 300, 000 btu go through a 1/2" hole? What was your calculated btu rating? Please note: - Inappropriate messages or blatant advertising will be deleted. There's no perfect formula for how the branches may affect 3/4" gas line capacity. Besides what do engineers know about installing anything? Around here, there are still neighborhoods that don't have 2 lb available. And provide a minimum of 10'. Is strictly for the exchange of plumbing related advice and NOT to ask about pricing/costs, nor where to find a product (try Google), nor how to operate or promote a business, nor for ethics (law) and the like questions. Battery Requirement (Not Included).
Recommended Hose Size. Battery Trickle Charger.