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Semen Composition 264 Sperm Formation 264 Specimen Collection and Handling 265 Macroscopic Examination 266 Microscopic Examination 266 Chemical Analysis 270 Immunology 273 Microbiology 273. 7 Kidney disease is present if the urine contains more than 30 mg of albumin per gram of creatinine, with or without a decreased eGFR. 1%)—dissolve 100 mg of 2, 4dinitrophenylhydrazine in 100 mL of 2 N HCl. Graff's Textbook of Routine Urinalysis and Body Fluids - Free Download PDF. The rate of filtration, 11/18/09 6:11 PM Page 17 Aptara Inc. 17. Shaw ST Jr, Benson ES. The L/S ratio was 2.
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS Electrical burns, shocks, and electrocution are avoided by the prevention of electrical potentials across laboratory personnel. CASE STUDIES Case 5-1. Graff's textbook of urinalysis and body fluids 3rd edition pdf format. carcinoma? Examination of vaginal secretions may provide the caregiver with helpful information on the patient's condition. In addition, any structure with parallel sides that is flat in the middle with thick edges is probably also a fiber. 104 Distorted WBCs (400). Paracardial fluid 13.
The cells in the former type of arrangement are believed to come from the same segment of the tubule, whereas the irregular arrangement seems to indicate that the cells came from different portions of the tubule. Protein giving up hydrogen to the indicator. Elder GH, Gray CH, Nicholson DC. Graff's textbook of urinalysis and body fluids 3rd edition pdf. As stated previously, OSHA mandated that healthcare organizations have an exposure control plan that is reviewed annually by all employees as well as by all new employees upon hire, with the goal of reducing workplace exposures to infectious agents. Carlsson L, Nilsson BO, Ronquist G, et al. Time if the urine is not examined as soon after collection as possible? 5 g/d in adults and 40 mg/kg in children (3 to 4 on urine protein dipstick) Low serum albumin Elevated serum cholesterol, which is produced in response to proteinuria, by the liver Elevated urinary lipids, oval fat bodies, and fatty casts Edema, an accumulation of salt water that the kidneys have not excreted; with fluid initially accumulating in the legs with pitting edema. Various chemical preservatives may need to be added to the collection container depending on the substance to be tested. Textbook of Clinical Pathology.
Depending upon the local conditions of various adjacent membranes and tissues, other fluid constituent concentrations can be altered as well. 30 Finely granular casts contain fine granules which may appear gray or pale yellow in color (Fig. Green* Transient blue. Urinary screening tests in the infant and young child. Evaluation of the nitroprusside test for the diagnosis of cystinuria. Antistreptolysin O serology. Graff's textbook of urinalysis and body fluids 3rd edition pdf download. Interference contrast microscopy for identification of urinary sediments. Tails may coil completely around the head as seen in image A (Papanicolaou stain, 1000). Protein may be present in the urine. Learning Objectives For Each Chemical Test Performed by Dipstick Methodology. Renal Glycosuria A renal tubular disorder involving the reabsorption of glucose. Antinuclear antibodies, hepatitis B antigen, FTA-ABS12.
Switch to high dry power (400) when necessary to delineate the structures that are seen. Pregnancy testing may be performed on urine or on blood. In cystic fibrosis or other pancreatic insufficiency, there are decreased pancreatic digestive enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase I, resulting in maldigestion. The glomerulus and the convoluted tubules are located in the cortex of the kidney, while the loop of Henle extends down into the medulla (Fig. Aldosterone is involved in the reabsorption of: a. potassium b. sodium c. bicarbonate d. hydrogen ion.
However, as explained in Chapter 3, chemical analysis may be affected by interfering substances that cause false-negative results. Tumors that most commonly metastasize to CSF include breast, lung gastrointestinal tract cancers, and melanoma. Program except: a. to ensure the best quality of laboratory results b. to compare your laboratory's results with other laboratories' results c. it is mandated by CLIA '88 d. it will justify higher charges for laboratory analyses 2. This act mandates adherence to CLIA '88. 3-Hydroxanthranilic acid. Lection of a semen specimen? The developing larva can usually be observed through the transparent shell of the egg. 11/17/09 7:57 PM Page 59 Aptara Inc. is seen in Figure 5-3B. Prostatic fluid contains many proteolytic enzymes. Effusion is due to trauma or is a chronic condition?
Neubauer hemocytometer diagrams. Identify and describe six types of safety risks that exist in the clinical laboratory and discuss the effective management of these safety concerns in the clinical laboratory. This is usually done about 8 AM. Urine levels of phenylalanine and phenylpyruvic acid do not become elevated until the infant is 1–6 weeks old. Within the cortex of the kidney, the cells of the afferent arteriole make contact with the macula densa cells of the. Solubility in ammonia helps differentiate cystine from colorless, six-sided uric acid crystals. Two procedures are used to detect these different lipids. Detectable amounts of bilirubin are not normally present in the urine, so the results of some methods are just reported as positive or negative. S Safety symbols, 5, 5f Sanguinous, 322 Schistosoma haematobium, 93, 93f, 94f, 176f Secretion, 322 of ions, 21, 37 tubular.
Bacteria Commonly Seen in Effusions1. An appropriate gauge needle is attached to a syringe and the entry site is cleansed. In microhematuria there is such a small amount of blood in the urine that the color of the specimen is unaffected and the hematuria can only be detected chemically or microscopically. Tubular damage prevents reabsorption of glucose. ACUTE INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS Interstitial nephritis is a kidney disorder in which the spaces between the kidney tubules become inflamed. Diet modification with reduction in methionine sources can help prevent some of these adverse effects. Ammonium biurate 12. Without the proper blood volume and pressure, urine cannot be formed. The ketone bodies are acetoacetic acid (diacetic acid), -hydroxybutyric acid, and acetone. Crystals are frequently present together in the urine of patients with liver disease.